Sana International
Under sanitation, with an objective of environmental Protection, health improvement and maximising farm outputs, SANA International has introduced Ecological Sanitation Technology in Upper Nyakach. The technology harnesses the natural process of decomposition in converting organic matter into organic manure through special safe storage and handling of human excreta

Schools & Households roof catchments I Spring Protection I Gravity Flow Systems I Wells I Water Pans I Schools Sanitation & Health Education I Community Health and Sanitation EducationI ECOSAN

This is sourced from a protected spring and it caters for the needs of up to five communities with four sub-management and one overall management committee trained to operate and maintain the facilities.

 

The following community based integrated packages of water supply; sanitation and hygiene training have so far been developed and tested:
ACTIVITIES
SANA believes in sub-catchments or catchments approach to water development in rural areas. The spring source is protected by constructing a concrete wall fitted with flow pipes. Suitable trees are then planted upstream. This enables users to draw water without disturbing the source.
SANA undertakes rain water harvesting for schools and homes situated in places where ground water is hard to strike or is unavailable. It comes with a Ferro cement tank for water storage during rainy season. SANA encourages replication of this by common interest groups (CIGs) and merry go-rounds.
.Rain water harvesting through roof catchment with ferrocement tanks.........
Schools and households roof catchments.
Spring protection. ...........................................Back to top
Gravity Flow Systems ..............................................................................................Back to top
Water Pans. ............................................................................................................Back to top
Water pans are excavated surface water storage facilities of limited capacity (normally minimum 5,000 to maximum 20,000 cubic metres). Pans are generally constructed at sites where the topography is relatively flat. The soil scooped out is used build the embankment around the rectangular water hole.
These are used around the rain shadow of Lake Victoria and are fitted with sand filtration gulleries to improve the quality of drinking water. Cattle troughs are availed to avoid contamination of water by animals.Set back in this technology is the use of heavy machinery hence the high cost.
High prevalence of water borne diseases amongst school going children necessitated the development of a schools hygiene package. SANA assists schools to form Schools Health Clubs (SHCs) for dissemination of positive hygiene messages using Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST). Parents Teachers Association nominates patrons to these clubs.

Using these clubs, SANA trains the club members in the following :
Child to child training and participatoy technics
Problem Identification
Problem analysis............................................................ Planning for solution
Planning for monitoring and evaluation
Participatory planning, monitoring and evaluation................. O&M of water and sanitation facilities

Hand dug well /hand drilled with foot pump and elevated tank ............................. Back to top
This technology is where a well is equiped with a preasure pump to lift water to an elevated tank for storage. The source is normaly a high yielding borehole or well. Water from the tank is gravitated to school and the community tapstands.
Schools Sanitation and Health Education. ...................................................................Back to top
Community Health and Sanitation Education...............................................................Back to top

Theatre for development is supported for effective communication and message retention. The drama incorporates use of skits, traditional songs, and dance in order to promote improved practises in behaviour related to diarrhoeal diseases, malaria and HIV-AIDS. These are life skills as they ensure living with knowledge and dangers of contracting these diseases.
Construction of sanitation facilities is undertaken with about 60% contribution by the schools. SANA supplies materials manufacture of slaps and lining blocks for pits situated in areas with loose soils. The schools contribute materials for super structure and labour for digging pits.

Lined latrine pits for use in loose soil areas
Hygienic Utensils' Rack
Community members use a protected Sprin. On the background is an afforested catchment area
Rain Water Harvesting through Water Pan fitted with sand filtration Gullery
Tree seedlings ready for catchment conservation.
Children pump water from a well (left) to an elevated tank (right) where water is gravitated for use by the schools.The elevated tanks also serve neighbouring communities.
School Children use clean containers to fetch water from a school tapstand
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Copyright © 2002, SANA International. SANA is a Non Governmental Organisation registered in Kenya
SANA has a wide resource of field-based staff equipped with use of Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) methodology for community mobilization and latrine construction.
Sana uses methodologies that have been developed and successfully tested in the areas of community mobilisation, training, participatory planning, monitoring and evaluation. Community theatre was singled out as particularly effective in helping communities retain health and hygiene messages.

The sanitation approach makes use of locally available materials and using the sanitation ladder,builds on local practice. There is a strong cost sharing element whereby the community dig and make blocks The provide all the materials for the superstructure. SANA provides technical support and materials that are not locally available.

Emphasis is placed on replication. SANA has adapted various types of sanitation techniques, such as the Ecosam Options (Skyloo, Fossa alterna and arbaloo) as well as the sunplat, VIP and double pit, lined latrine. The lined latrines are used in unstable soils as shown in the picture on the left in unstable soils as shown in the picture above left. Demonstrations are also given to comunities to replicate dish racks, refuse pits and drainage for overall health improvements.
ECOSAN
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